On the Amazonian Origin of Chavín Civilization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52980/revistaamazonaperuana.vi8.214Keywords:
Amazonian origin of Chavín civilization, Julio C. Tello’s hypotheses, Donald W. Lathrap’s hypotheses, archaeological evidence, iconographic evidenceAbstract
In this article, the author reviews Julio C. Tello’s hypotheses concerning the Amazonian origin of Andean civilization. Donald W. Lathrap’s hypotheses are adopted, emphasizing the effects of the domestication of tropical plants on the development and configuration of “Tropical Forest Culture.” Finally, archaeological, iconographic, and other evidence of the probable Amazonian origin of Chavín civilization is analyzed.
Downloads
References
BIRD, Junius Bouton. 1963a. Pre-ceramic art from Huaca Prieta, Chicama Valley. Ñawpa Pacha 1, pp. 29-38. Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley.
--- 1963b. Technology and art in Peruvian textiles. En: Technique & Personality. Lecture Series Number Three. The Museum of Primitive Art, New York.
BUENO MENDOZA, Alberto y Terence GRIEDER. 1979. Arquitectura precerámica de la sierra norte. Espacio, Año 1, N.º 5, pp. 48-55. Lima.
--- 1980a. La Galgada: la nueva clave para la arqueología andina. Espacio, Año II, N.º 9, pp. 49-55. Lima.
--- 1980b. Arte y Cultura precerámica. En prensa.
CORDY-COLLINS, Alana. 1977. Chavín art: its shamanic/hallucinogenic origins. En: Pre-Columbian Art History. Selected Readings. Peek Publications, Palo Alto.
DONNAN, Christopher Bruce. 1978. Moche Art of Peru. Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles.
ENGEL, Frédéric André. 1957. Sites et établissements sans céramique de la côte péruvienne. Journal de la Société des Américanistes, Nouvelle Série, T. XLVI, pp. 67-155. Paris.
--- 1963. A preceramic settlement on the Central Coast of Peru: Asia, Unit 1. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 53, Part 3. Philadelphia.
--- 1976. An Ancient World Preserved. Relics and Records of Prehistory in the Andes. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York.
EVANS, Clifford y Betty J. MEGGERS. 1968. Archaeological investigations on the río Napo, Eastern Ecuador. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Vol. 6. Washington, D.C.
FUNG PINEDA, Rosa. 1972a. Las Aldas: su ubicación dentro del proceso histórico del Perú Antiguo. Dédalo, Año V, Nos. 9-10, junio-diciembre, 1969. Museo de Arte y Arqueología, São Paulo.FUNG PINEDA, Rosa. 1972b. El temprano surgimiento en el Perú de los sistemas sociopolíticos complejos: planteamiento de una hipótesis de desarrollo original. *Apuntes Arqueológicos* 2, pp. 10-32. Lima.
--- 1976. Excavaciones en Pacopampa, Cajamarca. Con apéndice «Comentarios sobre la palinología del sitio de Pacopampa, Perú», por Robert R. Kautz. *Revista del Museo Nacional*, Tomo XLI, 1975, pp. 129-210. Lima.
FELDMAN, Robert A. 1977. Preceramic corporate architecture from Aspero: evidence for the origins of the Andean state. Trabajo presentado al «The Andean Preceramic Symposium», 76 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, 2 diciembre, 1972, Houston.
--- 1980. Aspero, Peru: architecture, subsistence economy, and other artifacts of a preceramic maritime chiefdom. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.
GROSSMAN, Mary Louise y John HAMLET. 1964. *Birds of Prey of the World*. New York.
HILL, Betsy Dupuis. 1975. A new chronology of the Valdivia ceramic complex from the coastal zone of Guayas province, Ecuador. *Ñawpa Pacha* 10-12, 1972-1974, pp. 1-32, láms. I-VII. Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley.
ISHIDA, Eiichiro y otros. 1960. *Andes: The Report of the University of Tokyo Scientific Expedition to the Andes in 1958*. Bijitsu Shuppan-sha, Tokyo.
IZUMI, Seiichi. 1971. The development of the Formative culture in the Ceja Montaña: a viewpoint based on the materials from the Kotosh site. En: *Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavín*, 26-27 octubre, 1968 (Elizabeth P. Benson, editora), pp. 49-72. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, D.C.
--- y Toshihiko SONO. 1963. *Andes 2. Excavations at Kotosh, Peru, 1960*. Kadokowa Publishing Co., Tokyo.
--- y Kozuo TERADA (editores). 1972. *Andes 4. Excavations at Kotosh, Peru, 1963 and 1966*. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
IZUMI, Seiichi; Pedro J. CUCULIZA y Chioki KANO. 1972. Excavations at Shillacoto, Huánuco, Peru. Bulletin No. 3, University Museum, University of Tokyo.
KAPLAN, Laurence; Thomas F. LYNCH y C. Earle SMITH, Jr. 1973. Early cultivated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) from an intermontane Peruvian valley. Science, Vol. 179, pp. 76-77. Washington, D.C.
KAPLAN, Laurence. 1980. Variation in the cultivated beans. En: Guitarrero Cave. Early Man in the Andes (Thomas F. Lynch, editor). Academic Press.
KANO, Chioki. 1971. Excavaciones en Shillacoto, Huánuco. Revista del Museo Nacional, Tomo XXXVII, pp. 52-62. Lima.
--- 1972. Pre-Chavín cultures in the central highlands of Peru: new evidence from Shillacoto, Huánuco. En: The Cult of the Feline (Elizabeth P. Benson, editora), pp. 139-152. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, D.C.
--- 1979. The Origins of the Chavín Culture. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, Number Twenty-Two. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, D.C.
LATHRAP, Donald Ward. 1967. Crítica: Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: the Valdivia and Machalilla Phases, por B. J. Meggers, C. Evans y R. Estrada (Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Volume 1 [whole volume]. Washington, D.C., 1965). American Anthropologist, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 96-98. Menasha.
--- 1970. The Upper Amazon. Thames and Hudson, Londres.
--- 1971a. The tropical forest and the cultural context of Chavín. En: Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavín, 26-27 octubre, 1968 (Elizabeth P. Benson, editora), pp. 73-100. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, D.C.
--- 1971b. Complex iconographic features shared by Olmec and Chavín and some speculation on their possible significance. Trabajo leído en el Primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropológicas Andino-Mesoamericanas, 25-31 julio, Salinas, Ecuador.
--- 1973a. Gifts of the cayman: some thoughts on the subsistence basis of Chavín. En: Variation in Anthropology (D. Lathrop y J. Douglas, editores), pp. 91-105. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Urbana.
--- 1973b. The antiquity and importance of long-distance trade relationships in the moist tropics of Pre-Columbian South America. World Archaeology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 170-186.
--- 1974. The moist tropics, the arid lands, and the appearance of great art styles in the New World. En: Art and Environment in Native America (M. R. King e I. R. Traylor, Jr., editores). Special Publications No. 7, pp. 115-158. The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock.
LATHRAP, Donald Ward, editor. 1956. An archaeological classification of culture contact situations. En: Seminars in Archaeology: 1955. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 11, pp. 1-30. Salt Lake City.
LATHRAP, Donald W. y Donald W. FOSTER. 1973. Further evidence for a well developed tropical forest culture on the North Coast of Colombia during the first and second millennium B.C. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 160-193. Urbana.
LATHRAP, Donald; Donald COLLIER y Helen CHANDRA. 1976. El Ecuador Antiguo. Cultura, cerámica y creatividad 3,000-300 a. C. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
LUMBRERAS, Luis Guillermo. 1967. Para una revolución de Chavín. Amaru, No. 2, pp. 49-60. Publicación de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima.
MARCOS, Jorge G. 1978. Cruising to Acapulco and back with the thorny oyster set: a model for a linear exchange system. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, Vol. 9, Nos. 1-2, pp. 99-132. Urbana.
--- y Presley NORTON. 1979. From the Yungas of Chinchay Suyo to Cuzco: The role of La Plata Island in Spondylus trade. Trabajo presentado al XLIII Congreso de Americanistas, Vancouver, B.C., Canadá.
MEGGERS, Betty J.; Clifford EVANS y Emilio ESTRADA. 1965. Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: the Valdivia and Machalilla Phases. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Volume 1 (whole volume). Washington, D.C.
MOSELEY, Michael Edward. 1975. *The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilizations*. Cummings Archaeology Series (C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky y Jeremy A. Sabloff, editores). Cummings Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California.
--- y Gordon R. WILLEY. 1973. Aspero, Perú: a reexamination of the site and its implications. *American Antiquity*, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 452-468.
PAULSEN, Allison Clement. 1974. The thorny oyster and the voice of God: *Spondylus* and *Strombus* in Andean prehistory. *American Antiquity*, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 597-607.
PICKERSGILL, Barbara. 1972. Cultivated plants as evidence for cultural contacts. *American Antiquity*, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 97-104.
POZORSKI, Thomas. 1976a. El complejo Caballo Muerto: los frisos de barro de la Huaca de los Reyes. *Revista del Museo Nacional*, Tomo XLI, 1975, pp. 211-251. Lima.
--- 1976b. Caballo Muerto: a complex of early ceramic sites in the Moche Valley, Peru. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Texas, Austin.
RAVINES SÁNCHEZ, Rogger y William H. ISBELL. 1976. Garagay: sitio ceremonial temprano en el valle de Lima. *Revista del Museo Nacional*, Tomo XLI, 1975, pp. 253-271. Lima.
ROUSE, Irving y José Mario CRUXENT. 1966. *Arqueología venezolana* (traducido del inglés por Erika Wagner). Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas.
ROWE, John Howland. 1973. El arte de Chavín: estudio de su forma y su significado. *Historia y Cultura*, No. 6, pp. 249-276. Museo Nacional de Historia, Lima.
SAUER, Carl O. 1969. *Agricultural Origins and Dispersals. The Domestication of Animals and Foodstuffs*. Second Edition. The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge.
SHARON, Douglass G. y Christopher DONNAN. 1977. The magic cactus: ethnoarchaeological continuity in Peru. *Archaeology*, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 374-381. New York.
TELLO, Julio César. 1923. Wira Kocha. *Inca*, Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 943-920, y Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 583-606. Museo de Arqueología de la Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima.
--- 1942. *Origen y desarrollo de las civilizaciones prehistóricas andinas*. Reimpreso de las Actas del XXVII Congreso de Americanistas de 1939. Librería e Imprenta Gil S.A., Lima.
--- 1949. Discovery of the Chavín culture in Peru. *American Antiquity*, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 135-160. Menasha.
WENDT, W. E. 1964. Die prakeramische Siedlung am Rio Seco, Peru. *Baessler Archiv*, neue Folge, Band 11, Heft 2, pp. 225-275. Berlin.
WILLIAMS LEÓN, Carlos. 1980. Arquitectura y urbanismo en el Antiguo Perú. En: *Historia del Perú*, Tomo VIII, *Perú Republicano y Procesos e Instituciones*, pp. 369-585. Editorial Juan Mejía Baca, Lima.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 1983 
Esta obra está bajo una Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.










